Publication Date

2026

Document Type

Dissertation/Thesis

First Advisor

Korampally, Venumadhav

Degree Name

M.S. (Master of Science)

Legacy Department

Department of Electrical Engineering

Abstract

Since their introduction in the 1980s, lateral flow assays (LFAs) have become indispensable for global health, yet their fundamental design remains constrained to simple, one-step workflows. This limits sensitivity, restricts multiplexing, and prevents implementation of more complex diagnostic sequences. Building upon advances in programmable fluidic components, this thesis presents an electronically programmable paper-based nucleic acid diagnostic assay that integrates digital control with low-cost substrates.In this thesis, we explore the incorporating of electrodes within paper-based devices to enable electronically gated fluid movement and programmable activation of detection zones. This design transforms static assays into reconfigurable devices capable of executing multistep workflows without requiring physical redesign of the paper substrate. Programmability not only expands assay flexibility but also reduces human error during operation and mitigates variability introduced during device fabrication, enhancing overall reliability. Proof-of-concept testing demonstrates consistent fluid activation, precise fluid handling, and temperature control enabling robust nucleic acid detection. Compared to conventional LFAs, the programmable platform offers enhanced workflow flexibility, improved assay precision, and rapid adaptability to new diagnostic targets. By combining the affordability of paper with the precision of electronic control, this work advances the field toward customizable, field-deployable diagnostics, particularly suited for resource-limited settings where scalability, adaptability, and reliability are essential.

Extent

168 pages

Language

en

Publisher

Northern Illinois University

Rights Statement

In Copyright

Rights Statement 2

NIU theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from Huskie Commons for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without the written permission of the authors.

Media Type

Text

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